Digital Supply Chain Managment

| CLICK AND MORTAR TO PURE PLAY| HOW APPLE AND DISNEY ARE MAKING THE MOST OF THEIR DIGITAL SUPPLY CHAINS A Management Information Systems Project Assignment: Select two organizations in the same industry and study their SCM. Prepare a report on how the companies are managing their customers and suppliers. Make some recommendations as to how they can improve their efficiency. Submitted to: Sir Waqas Saeed Submitted by: Muhammad Babar Suleman Hassan Irshad Atif Murtaza Arslan Sadiq Arslan Zafar Ran Amjid Mehmood Ehtisham-ur-Rasool 01. INTRODUCTION 1. 1 AMR SUPPLY CHAIN TOP 25: STRONG SHOWINGS BY APPLE AND WALT DISNEY Apple stays on top with an unbeatable combination of killer financials and stellar opinion scores. AMR Research The AMR Research institute recently published its list of the companies boasting the best Supply Chain Management procedures (see Appendix 01). Two of the top 25 players represented a radical departure from the traditional Supply Chains. Apple tops the list with a supply chain which is as much a revolution for traditional supply chains as it is a negation of almost everything the supply chains have previously been characterized by. For one, Apple’s supply chain for its online store iTunes is completely digital in nature. It is the apex and materialization of what Management Information Systems and Information Technology Disney combines demand-driven advancements had hinted at. Another company in the top 25, the entertainment giant Walt Disney combines a digital supply chain with a streamlined traditional one with spectacular results. replenishment with new collaborative models for pure content distribution. AMR Research As lines between companies’ offers of physical and digital products become blurred, Apple and Disney are the forerunners of what will be the future of supply chains: The Digital Supply Chain. Additionally, both the companies’ supply chain models are based on the â€Å"demand driven excellence† model which is the modern solution to meeting the needs of the global market. 1. 2 GROWING IMPORTANCE OF CONTENT AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY The reason why the supply chains of Apple and Disney were able to rank so high is because both the companies were able to recognize the immense significance of digital content and Intellectual Property in the modern era. The music industry has by far experienced the most significant effects (positive AND negative) of digitization of music (in the form of mp3s and other digital formats). However where piracy quickly became the biggest challenge for the industry, sales of digital music have exploded over the past couple of years, thanks to Apple’s ubiquitous online store iTunes. iTunes started with 99 cents per song- now it’s a thriving market leader that encompasses music, movies, TV shows, apps, eBooks, podcasts and so much more. Disney benefits from â€Å"the best of both worlds† (as the title character of its popular Hannah Montana TV show would say) by combining a digital supply chain with its traditional practices such as that of supplying stores such as Blockbuster and Netflix with DVDs of its movies and TV shows. 2. THE DIGITAL SUPPLY CHAIN 2. 1 WHAT IS THE DIGITAL SUPPLY CHAIN? At the core of Apple and Disney’s fantastic success is the digital supply chain. The question arises as to what the digital supply chain is and how it differs from traditional supply chains. Before getting into the specifics, it is important to define the di gital supply chain. According to Wikipedia: â€Å"Digital supply chain is a new media term that encompasses the process of the delivery of digital media, be it music or video, by electronic means from the point of origin (content provider) to destination (consumer). Similar to how a physical medium must go through a supply chain process in order to mature into a consumable product, digital media must pass through various stages in processing to get to a point where the consumer can enjoy the music or video on a computer or television set. † All supply chains work within the same framework- the delivery of product from its origin to the hands of the end-user, while being worked on in every step on the way. Broadly, the digital supply chain involves the process of transferring digital content (music/video) from the content provider to the end consumer online and in a suitable format. The digital supply chain is different in four major ways: 1) 2) 3) 4) It exists solely online and for digital items. It is highly compressed and shorter. It has lower attached costs. It has an unbeatable inventory turnover rate. Recognizing the market forces and new technologies that are reshaping the industry, Capgemini has introduced its practice of digital supply chain, the content value chain: Capgemini is not the only company that has invested in digital supply chain solutions. HewlettPackard (HP) offers Digital Entertainment Services- solutions for digital supply chain needs of companies. The reason why the digital supply chain works is because of the immense increase that digital content has seen in its adoption. The results of a recent IBM digital consumer survey show a high trend towards digital content in every leading economy. Online access to digital content is most common in: Media and Entertainment (Music, Movies, Games, eBooks etc). E-learning Software Given the evolution in media, technology and the marketing scenario, the supply chain to manage this evolution requires a new set of complexities and metrics. Warehouses are being replaced with data centers, boxes replaced by bits, and trucks replaced by bandwidth. And it may very well be an easier supply chain to manage, with no inventory carrying costs, purchase orders, supplier scorecards, MRP, trucks, excess and obsolete, or quality issues, but it will take a new way of thinking. Long gone is the plan, buy, and make functions supply chains have been built on. Within the digital supply chain, you receive one item into inventory and sell it a million times over without restocking. Vendors can be paid for each digital asset sold, without having to stock inventory that may never move. Combine the enormous growth of the mobile market, a highly fragmented market expertise, and the asset costs to build and maintain a digital supply chain, and it’s clear the model is transforming traditional practices. So far, digital supply chains have been controlled by the innovators. But with the amount of digital content increasing dramatically and the Internet providing a point-to-point access for customers, the following will become increasingly important: Innovation—This goes for product and supply chain delivery methods. Time to market—Since digital products can be made once and sold many times, speed of collaboration between design and delivery will be a major measure of success Customer service—This includes quality of the transaction and product, speed of activations, and ease of refunds. 2. 2 THE DIGITAL SUPPLY CHAIN PROCESS The digital supply chain involves three players: Content Provider (Task: Encoding and Ingesting) Content Processor (Task: Vaulting and Processing and Transformation) Digital/Physical Retailer (Task: Packaging and Distribution) Intermediate components include processes like Quality Control, Digital Asset Management, Metadata entry, Digital Rights Management and the Content Delivery Network. †¢Media is converted from source to file. Vaulting †¢File based media mezzanines are stored and backed up. †¢Content is processed and transferred according to consumer needs. Packaging and Distribution †¢Media files are packaged and delivered to customers over the network. Encoding and Ingesting Processing and Transformation Apple and Disney both have a high degree of streamlining at every step of the process. The main functions of a digital supply chain are as follows: True on-demand product availability Ease of use and speed for content search and activation Pricing and subscriptions Quality management built on licensing and refunds One thing to remember is that there is no ONE digital supply chain. It’s as dynamic as it is flexible as you can see from the table below: Different media types Different business models Different technologies Different maturity of markets Different distribution models Audio / Video / Software / Games / Books Electronic sell through / subscriptions / free content Devices / offline vs. nline usage / formats / DRM Established structures vs. new models Direct-to-consumer / Aggregation 2. 3 COMPARISON WITH TRADITIONAL SUPPLY CHAINS The following table compares the digital supply chain with the traditional structure on the basis of some key processes associated with SCM. Value Addition Because of the inherent structure, each step of the digital supply chain has a higher percentage of contribution to the value delivered. As mentioned earlier, computer storages have taken the place of physical warehouses. The digital supply chain is at a high risk of security issues because of problems relating to piracy, hacking, viruses and data mishandling. Virtually, self-replenishing and never runs short! Because of superior communication, time costs are reduced. Disney is a good example of how on-demand product availability made possible by digital supply chains Increasing Download Speeds, Content Quality, Speed of Activation and Ease of Refunds are some of the benefits offered by the digital supply chain that give it an edge over the traditional supply chains when it comes to Customer Service. Physical Storage Security Stocking Time to Market On-demand product availability Customer Service 03. DEMAND DRIVEN EXCELLENCE The â€Å"Demand Driven Excellence† model has three overlapping areas of corporate responsibility: Supply Management (Manufacturing, logistics and sourcing) Demand Management (Marketing, sales and service) Product Management (R&D, engineering and product development) Basically, Apple and Disney’s strength is that they don’t treat their supply chain as an isolated business process. It is a crucial part of what makes the entire thing work and in order for its maximum efficiency, management of demand and products is essential simultaneously. Only thus, the supply chain is able to give such top-notch results. With visibility, communication and reliable processes all these three functional units can be made to work together for optimum performance. When these overlapping areas work together, thanks to compatible and efficient business processes, businesses are able to respond directly, quickly and efficiently to opportunities arising from demands from the market or the customers. Because all the three areas are able to rise up to any occasion of business opportunity and the tasks keep shifting back and forth among the units as required, in a hybrid, dynamic web of solution formation, Apple and Disney are Defining characteristics of supply chains built able to achieve superior results while each to this design [demand driven excellence] of their functional area benefits from include the ability to manage demand rather collaboration with the other two. AMR Research cites the demand driven exellence model as the reason why companies like Apple and Disney are able to perform so well. The new phrase that’s making the rounds in the corporate world is that â€Å"pull† is the new â€Å"push†. Creating solutions and coaxing customers to purchase them is fastly becoming a redundant technique. The modern business strategy is responding dynamically to consumer needs and making your solutions fit their demands than just respond to it, a networked rather than linear approach to global supply, and the ability to embed innovation in operations rather than keep it isolated in the laboratory. The demand-driven model is inherently circular and self-renewing, unlike the push supply chains of our factory-centric industrial past. AMR Research like a glove. The focus is to make them want what you are offering- and not wanting them to purchase what you’ve put out. Apple’s iTunes store is the perfect example. Previously, record labels put out albums out on the market and they were expected to sell based on the couple of singles released to the airwaves. The albums were â€Å"pushed† to the customers. These days, iTunes allows consumers to purchase individual tracks- and only the ones they want to- from any album. That way they are shifting control of the purchase entirely to the customer and it has only helped in mutual growth. The demand driven global supply chain is assessed by two key measures: Operational Excellence (Key Metrics: Perfect Order Rate, Total SCM costs) Innovation Excellence (Time to Value, Return on New Product Launch) The relationship of demand driven excellence and the key measures can be see in the following table which differentiates between market leaders and losers on the basis of their performance in the above mentioned areas. 4. APPLE AND DISNEY 4. 1. SPECIFICS Apple’s digital supply chain comprises procuring content from record labels and television networks (among others), processing the content to digital format and then making it available on its iTunes store. eBooks, Podcasts and Applications for its iPod and iPhone devices also form a big portion of the content that is distributed on its digital supply chain. The success of Apple’s digital supply chain is due to â€Å"an intoxicating mix of brilliant industrial design, transcendent software interfaces and consumable goods that are purely digital†, according to the authors of an AMR Research write-up. The authors also note that â€Å"the mechanical and financial benefits of this approach include extremely high inventory turns, minimal material or capacity limitations to growth, and excellent margins. † Following is an excellent article by a blogger on how iTunes manages suppliers and customers. ARTICLE 01: By Cara Smith As far as iTunes is concerned, both upstream and downstream supply chains apply. I feel iTunes use both strategies simply because in the case of upstream, iTunes acquire the vast majority of its digital content from well known music labels and film producers, who will trade with iTunes who will then use a downstream approach in order to sell their products and services onto their customers. Push vs pull supply models Nowadays with the digital music market at an all time high with sales hitting the roof, customers are experiencing a new way of purchasing. In terms of iTunes we can see that ‘pull’ is the new ‘push’ simply because customers are able to purchase individual tracks produced by an artist rather than having to purchase the entire album to only like one or two songs from the track listing. This then gives the customer the opportunity to customize their very own iTunes library or playlists with a range of songs made my various artists meaning that customers will want to hear what is in that playlist without having tracks or items pushed towards them. With the pull strategy concentrating solely on the customer the main importance of the company is to ensure they provide value and ensure the service will be one in order to ensure customer satisfaction as well as attracting new customer leading to a broadened customer base as well as increased sales rather than to deter customers from purchasing or visiting at all. Vertical integration vs disintegration vs virtual integration I would say that iTunes would most likely operate using ‘Virtual Integration’. I feel iTunes would operate using this strategy in its day to day running simply because they rely on management activities being undertaken and controlled by outside sources such as the record labels, film producers, application developers and many others, supplying them with all their up to date, high quality digital media and services of which their customers will purchase or subscribe to. Due to dealing with so many widely known record labels and film producers etc, iTunes always ensures to maintain a strong relationship in order to help secure any future deals these labels may offer as well as trying to broaden their supplier base at the same time. Evidence of value networks In terms of value networks I would say that by ensuring their customers are well looked after by providing them with everything they need and are satisfied with the products and services they are receiving, including the time in which it takes for a product to download or the quality of their purchase, iTunes will always maintain a good relationship with its customer and supplier base in terms of how they work in partnership with each other. By ensuring that their customers are always happy with what they are receiving it will be hard for iTunes to loose many of its customers at any one time unless some new top of the range platform was developed with extraordinary features of which iTunes has never thought of. Through continuously updating its platform and interface, whilst adding new and improved features and services iTunes always has something new for customers to explore giving them a sense of ease as they know customers will always be around to check out what new meaning that they are more likely to stay around and use its facilities. Evidence of efficiencies in supply chain As Apple iTunes continuously strive to provide the best quality service and produce top of the range goods they are always making changes to the way in which they deliver products and services to customers. With iTunes being considered the ‘Number 1’ music platform and online digital retail store, iTunes have proved they can be successful in every way possible by exceeding cashflow and turnaround targets through the huge demand for online digital content of which many of music record labels and film producers supply and give permission for iTunes to sell on to its customers at price. With this success iTunes will do anything and everything in order to keep its existing customer and attract new customers in, so with their ideas of continuous new and improved updates to the iTunes interface and by introducing better ways of syncing and managing your iPod or iPhone contents on the iTunes platform. In terms of ensuring customer have all the content they require iTunes it always up to date with the current charts and applications, however when a customer has made a purchase the item(s) will automatically start to download and will be accessible to listen to or view as soon as the download is complete. ttp://csmithcom425. wordpress. com/2009/10/30/week-6-supply-chain-management/ Apple’s revolutionary digital supply chain (nurtured by its demand driven excellence focus) is in addition to its distribution of its own physical products, the aforementioned iPod and iPhone as well as Macs and Macbooks. Whereas the line between the products that travel through Appleâ⠂¬â„¢s digital supply chain (music, movies, eBooks) and the ones that are distributed through its traditional supply chain (iPods, Macs) is quite distinct, Disney has a more blurred array of products offered on its digital and traditional supply chains. While it maintains its practice of maintaining top-notch physical distribution channels with its retailers (such as Blockbuster which carries Disney DVDs) the same content is also offered through its digital network (on-demand movies, online premieres, digital books), albeit not in the same format. The simultaneous existence of both the supply chains is necessary for Disney even though the content distributed differs only in format because the modern market demands ask for digital content whereas it has to fulfill the continued, if diminishing, demands of its physical etailers and varied businesses such as the supply chain needs of its theme parks. The Arvato Digital Services model can be used to understand how Disney manages the distribution of the same content across the two channels, digital and physical. Also, see the model on the next page for more detailed insight on how the Digital Supply Chain relates to Disney and other entertainment industry players. 4. RECOMMENDATIONS Our recommendation for both the companies would be to draft better licensing deals, capitalize on the immense potential of the digital supply chain, and use the internet to distribute digital content worldwide and not a select list of geographic locations. People in third world economies like Pakistan can make online purchases and download digital content as well. Without incurring significant additional costs, Apple and Disney can make their entire repository of digital content and access available without exceptions on the basis of location, and reap the financial benefits that will surely come. Apple has been doing a fantastic job of managing its supply chains but whereas its physical chain is finally sounder than it once was, the company needs to be careful not to underestimate the incredible popularity of its online content. Recently, during the rollout of a new iPhone, the physical supply chain was able to endure and accommodate the rush of early purchasers but the digital supply chain became overtaxed with demands of device activation and content synchronization which led to a slew of wait times, customer service issues and of course, unhappy customers. Disney should start preparing for a future where distribution of its content, that can be provided digitally, would be extinct. That would pose several new challenges for the company- Should it form lucrative liaisons with online retailers like Apple’s iTunes or sell its own content such as the TV Network NBC? An analysis of the pros and cons of both the alternatives could make better decisions possible in planning its supply chain strategies for the future. The biggest challenge we've been confronted with, preparing for, and have every expectation we'll be successful in is how technology will dramatically change the way consumers worldwide enjoy entertainment content,† DVD sales are already facing a slump (they slid by – Bill Patrizio, senior VP of 6. 9% last year). Studios are facing the dilemma of strategic sourcing and devising profitable solutions for the new age while procurement for Disney. trying to maintain profitability from the decreasing momentum of th e cash cow that was the DVD market. Our recommendation in this respect would be to brainstorm a fresh business model instead of trying to teach the old dog new tricks. A complete overhauling of the way the company thinks of content could be the solution for the problems that are sure to arise in the near future. The rumored â€Å"Keychest† could be a step in the right direction. Disney has always shown business savvy (as is obvious from the quote from 2005 display above) and we’re sure the company has some smart strategies thought out. REFERENCES Wikipedia Digital Supply Chain http://en. ikipedia. org/wiki/Digital_supply_chain AMR Research www. amrresearch. com PC World â€Å"How Apple’s Supply Chain fared during the 3G Rollout† http://www. pcworld. com/businesscenter/article/148429/how_apples_supply_chain_fared_during_t he_3g_rollout. html Cara’s Com425 Blog http://csmithcom425. wordpress. com/2009/10/30/week-6-supply-chain-management/ â€Å"Understanding the Digital Supply Chainâ⠂¬  Presented at Media-Tech Conference, 23rd April 2009 by Sven Deutschman, CEO, Arvato Digital Services EMEA http://www. media-tech. et/fileadmin/templates/europe09/pdf/presentations/MEDIATECH_2009_Sven_Deutschmann. pdf Business Week â€Å"Hollywood Is Worried as DVD Sales Slow† http://www. businessweek. com/magazine/content/09_09/b4121056770437. htm MESA Disney developing ‘Keychest’ for Digital Content Access http://mesalliance. org/blog/2009/10/21/disney-developing-‘keychest’-for-digital-content-access/ Information Week â€Å"Q&A with Disney's Patrizio: Digital Content Is the Future† http://www. informationweek. com/news/globalcio/interviews/showArticle. jhtml? articleID=160403913

Payroll system Essay

INTRODUCTION Information Technology is the study, design, development, implementation and support management of information system. It helps to produce, manipulate, store, communicate and/or disseminate information. We used the term information technology or IT to refer to an entire industry. In actuality, information technology is the use of computers and software to manage information. In some companies, this is referred to as Management Information Services (or MIS) or simply as Information Services (or IS). The information technology department of a large company could be responsible for storing, protecting processing, transmitting and retrieving the information as necessary. Nowadays all establishment are becoming modernized, they use modern technologies to make their transaction fast, easy and accurate in order to avoid waste of time and for the sake of safety and security. It also helps human to solve and understand complex problem and analysis such as computational need of human. Implementing such kind of payroll system make their transactions easy and accurate and to secure their files and data. It will be time consuming to the administrator to locate such file in order to provide the teachers request. And by doing so the administrator can easily compute the salary of a teacher and deduct the necessary taxes through their computers. It would going to be efficient for an establishment will going to consume workers just to manage the system. Only such that the teacher should used his/her valid ID to enter on school and for requesting area he/she only needs to present the teacher id to process his/her request and all the data transactions will be going to save into the administrator account. By proposing this kind of system might can do help into a certain said school to manage their payroll system in a fast, easy, efficient ways. Hoping that it would help a lot to the management to easily control their system and performed it excellently through the cooperation of their employee and staffs. OBJECTIVES Computers have the great impact on the profession of accounting. With the rapid growth of technology today, there is no doubt that computer will become a common asset in all profession. As computer technology changes at such fast phase, many businesses sectors try to cope up by upgrading computer system constantly in order to stay competitive. The multi-function ability of technology for its advance system is also an important factor for a company to use software. Payroll Management System by using input device such as computer to store data is one of the software that the professional is develop, the system is good for its specialty in the fields of accounting, It is easy to use and effective and efficient in organizing and calculating the salary transactions. While in manual system payroll are difficult and hard-work, you need more time in order to make your school payroll computations accurately, manageable and reliable to your employees. In addition, in manual computation we cannot say that, there are no human errors in computing the payroll, same in computerization process, but similar to the manual process. And because of the bulkiness of the school employee that needs to pay for their services, the school needs more time to calculate and to reconcile their payroll. In order to solution this problem, they should developed the alternative solutions using the advance technology, by merging the software and hardware technology. It is a Computerized Payroll System. The system will give a big relief to the employee and employers as well, to minimized their time consuming for inputting information and computations to the payroll process. PROJECT CONTEXT Technology pretty much touches all of our lives in some way and hence technology news is a vital resource that can keep us up to date with developments and ways in which the world will be changing. For instance, the onset of digital television is something that will affect most people; news stories that inform us of the dates for the switch over are vital so the average member of public can understand when their analogue signal will be turned off. In the same way, news of technologies that may make our cars safer and more efficient is important to all those who drive on our roads. Today’s world is full of pieces of technology that we take for granted, the microchip has truly revolutionized the way in which we live and do business. The world we see would not be recognizable to people of a few generations ago and nowhere is this truism greater than in the world of computing. Hence it is important to stay up to date with technology news; while many may think that this type of news is purely for geeks it is clear that all of us should have at least a passing interest in news of technological developments. The phenomena is only set to continue, as computers become more powerful and have greater and greater applications it will not be long that we will plan our lives around the computer. This is not an attempt to act as a harbinger of doom, it is just theorizing on ways in which technology will impact upon the human race. Computers are used in every industry and type of business today. They come in many different forms and new uses are being developed constantly. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Our task is to creation a new payroll system. The old system is outdated and no longer adequately manages the payroll process and the entry of employee time card information. Therefore, manual intervention is required to process the payroll. In addition to the preexisting category of salaried employee, which the current payroll process does support, our organization now accommodates two new types of employees: those employees working on commission, and those employees working on an hourly basis. The current payroll process doesn’t support these two new employee types, which are described in detail later in this problem statement. In addition to accommodating all employee types, as well as ensuring that our system can accommodate newly created categories of employees in the future, the system must also allow each of these employees to save his or her data information or daily time record through presenting his/her valid ID, or any valid data that support his/her request. The Administrator is the only assign person who is capable to have an account and to access in order to save and retrieve such kind of teachers list of data’s being given . The payroll process can process only â€Å"signed† time cards, which are those time cards that the employee has identified as accurate. Overall, the system will store information about the approximately 2,000 schoolteacher employees. The payroll process must run on the fifteenth and last day of each month at 12:00 A.M. Eventually, the system must enable employees to maintain their direct request information via the system as well. However, this feature is beyond the scope of the initial release. If we basically compare to the manual process and computerized process. The administrator consumes a lot of time in calculating each employee’s Salary and recoding as well. It took several hours to finish a manual calculation for the Employee’s salary. It also consumes a lot of time to search for their names one by one and it’s not well organized. After a manual calculation has been done, the user still has to encode it for a record. The computation that have been made is also need to be written on a brown envelop together with their cash pay. While in computerized payroll system process the administrator will save a lot of time with less effort in calculating each employee’s Salary and recoding as well. FEASIBILITY FACTORS In the field of computer and technology, there always an option to automate things likes payroll system. But of course, A feasibility study should be conducted in order to see the benefits of computerized payroll system over manual payroll system as well as other alternatives. At first, you should study the organizational systems such as the users, policies, functions and objectives. Consider also the problems existing over the present systems like redundancies, inconsistencies and slow services. Also, know the constraints such as the nonfunctional requirement. After analyzing the present or current system, possible alternatives should be presented. Sticking to the current or present system is always an alternative. Advantages and disadvantages of each alternative should be discussed. In addition, the computation of payback analysis, net present value analysis, and return on investment analysis should be included in your feasibility study. If there is a feasibility study, the best alternative is to be preferred by the management because there a chance of comparing alternative. Feasibility study will determine the best solution to the problems. After all, feasibility study is written to assess each alternative and come out of the best alternative that will benefit the intended people involved in this study. This project proposal is conducted in order to give and see the benefit of computerized payroll system over manual payroll system as well as other alternatives. In manual payroll system accounting has a hard time to do all things such kind of work like saving all the data files of their school teacher employee and do such kind of mathematical computation to calculate the salary of the teachers wages and taxes deduction. Having a hard time to locate such requested files to processed. That’s why we do proposed this kind of system to letting their realize that there is such a possible way to make their works faster and completely done . The only main advantage of this system is that they can process data and compute salary more than a manual form can do. But also we cannot say that this proposed system is such a perfect idea theres also a disadvantage on it. Using a computerized payroll system comes with its own set of problems, such as the need to protect against data loss through power failure or viruses, and the danger of hackers stealing data. Computer fraud is also a concern, and you need to instigate a system of controls for who has access to the information, particularly teacher information. If there is a security breach and data is stolen, management can be held personally liable for the loss of data. You also need to make sure that the data has been correctly entered into the system, as a mistake in data entry can throw off a whole set of data. A payroll system involves everything that has to do with the payment of employees and the filing of employment taxes. This includes keeping track of hours, calculati ng wages, withholding taxes and other deductions, printing and delivering checks and paying employment taxes to the government. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY Speed in processing payroll system will have a faster performance by means of decreasing the manual input areas. Mathematical errors will be prevented by automatic computations that the proposed, system will provide and you may not have to worry about having financial or legal trouble. Do the salary computation/transaction with the deduction of taxes through computerized system for fast processing. Tallying of time cards will be done automatically by only presenting /tapping his/her valid teacher ID to the accounting department . In the proposed system the administrator is the one responsible in computing that the time the employee worked. The proposed system will record all data in all reports at the same time so you can make sure they are consistent and it also saves time. Employers will never have to spend much time in keeping up to date with taxes and deductions because the system will be designed updated to such deductions. Storage of files will be safe and secured for which only the administrator has the only have the privileged and also not easily be accessed. Easy to manage and handle by a certain person , doing such work like saving, retrieving and computing faster. The teacher can access their data files but only just to view it to make them updated regarding with their salary transaction. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE In less than a generation, computer technology has revolutionized business all over the world. This has brought about changes in the area of business, finance, industry, government, agriculture, education, health care, sports and even on our personal lives. Today, computers do much of the works. Data collection continues to become easier and easier, data processing is getting faster and faster, mathematical calculations continue to be performed with increased precision and information is being provided to users in generally more useful forms. Such that was made possible through the use of electronic files and database. This chapter presents some of the previous related works relevant to the understanding of the problem. In order to gather information, We used books, thesis and encyclopedia. The wide spread development of digital technology also results to parallel advance in software, which allows this technology to be used by persons other than computer experts. The database has become a central organized framework for information system, taking advantage of the concept of data independence that allows sharing among diverse system – organized collection of data maintained and used with the aid of management information system (mis). It is a state of the art information system process and retrieve information ever faster, they are more robust in terms of the volume of data that they can process and in terms of reliability; and their performance is more cost-effective. BUTUAN CITY SCHOOL OF ARTS AND TRADES PAYROLL SYSTEM A Documentation Presented to the Computer Studies Program Father Saturnino Urios University Butuan City In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Subject SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN IT 304 By: Rheman Tidalgo Analyn Rivera Ailyn Son September 19, 2013 DEDICATION This project proposal is dedicated to the BCSAT School Department And to the Teachers Faculty Staff Accounting Department TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TITLE PAGE i INTRODUCTION ii OBJECTIVES iii ACKNOWLEDGMENT iv DEDICATION x ABSTRACT xi LIST OF TABLES xii CHAPTER 1. PROJECT CONTEXT Background of the Study 1 Review and Literature 1 2. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 3. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 4. FEASIBILITY FACTORS

Music Programs Should be Kept in Schools Essay - 2257 Words

All school districts should retain music programs in their schools. Probably the most well-known supposed benefit of involvement in a music program is the Mozart Effect. The Mozart Effect claims that â€Å"performance on tasks of spatiotemporal reasoning may be improved for ten-fifteen minutes immediately after listening to part of a Mozart piano sonata or similarly complex music† (ÄÅ'rnÄ ec, Wilson, and Prior, 580). While the Mozart Effect has little to back it, there are still many reasons music and other fine arts belong in schools. Spatiotemporal reasoning is related to activities involving space and time such as memory, mental rotation and visualization. However, studies have proven that benefits are inconclusive. Many studies such as one†¦show more content†¦One such theory involves private music instruction (ÄÅ'rnÄ ec, Wilson, and Prior 582). One on one private lessons can promote the life-long need to learn. Music training started at an early age can improve the brain’s ability to process different tones and patterns. This can benefit a person later in life when he or she is trying to focus in a room full of background noise. Ear-training, â€Å"the ability to discern subtleties in pitch and timing,† (â€Å"Hearing the Music† par. 4) increases aptitude in children and adults when trying to learn a new language. Musicians are better able to pick out these changing subtleties in speech and tones than non-musicians. This skill, when applied to the learning disabled, improves speech comprehension (â€Å"Hearing the Music† par. 4). A 2003 study indicates that two years of music lessons can improve performance on arithmetic tests (Rauscher and LeMieux qtd. in ÄÅ'rnÄ ec, Wilson, and Prior 583). In fact, music lessons can boost IQ levels simply because they provide a learning opportunity. The most widely cited neuro-scientific theory is one done by Leng and Shaw in 1991 which states: Music resonates with inherent neuronal firing patterns throughout the brain; thus, music listening and music instruction can prime the brain for improved performance on spatiotemporal and other cognitive tasks. (qtd. in ÄÅ'rnÄ ec, Wilson, and Prior 585) These other cognitive tasks include not only arithmetic, but reading, verbalShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Speech : Music Programs Should Be Kept Public Schools939 Words   |  4 Pagesthat music programs should be kept in public schools. Central Idea: The government should not cut music programs in public schools because they are beneficial to children, not only to their education, but also helps express themselves. Introduction I. Plato, a Greek philosopher once said â€Å"I would teach children music, physics, and philosophy; but most importantly music, for the patterns in music and all the arts are the keys to learning.† A. These words by Plato are what makes music programsRead MoreEssay about Music Education1005 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"It had never occurred to me before that music and thinking are so much alike. In fact you could say music is another way of thinking†¦.† --Ursula K. Le Guin nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Ursula K. Le Guin makes an excellent point in her quote; music and thinking are so much alike that it is almost as if they are one and the same. Music has a huge impact on the brain. It has been proven that it makes contributions to the development of cognitive and perceptual skills, refines the development ofRead MoreThe Effects Of Music On Music Education1002 Words   |  5 PagesMozart and kept up with you musical lessons, because it is shown to increase brain activity and increase IQ levels. Despite contradictory views of begging children wanting to play outside instead of practice violin music is proven to make you smarter. When a child particularly at a young age learns how to play an instrument preferably in a social setting is provides the brain of that child with extra dopamine, new neurological connections, better behavior, and higher test scores. Schools are turningRead MoreThe Arts And Arts Education1540 Words   |  7 Pagesfunding should go to wards core subjects, but what they don’t know is that the humanities use the core subjects during classes. Even though fine arts are not exciting for everyone, they should receive more funding in schools because fine arts keep kids out of trouble, provide a way to express oneself and help teenagers make life decisions. Every year fine arts and humanities programs are cut from high schools. The fine arts and humanities programs are the studies of art, literature, dance, music or theaterRead MoreOperating Systems : Operating System Essay1152 Words   |  5 PagesINFO SYS Operating Systems An operating system is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs. The operating system is an essential component of the system software in a computer system. Application programs usually require an operating system to function. Time-sharing operating systems schedule tasks for efficient use of the system and may also include accounting software for cost allocation of processor time, mass storageRead MoreThe Music Of The Band1105 Words   |  5 Pagesthat makes you cry. Reflect to your high school years; recall the pep rallies, the football games, homecoming, and spirit weeks. What is the one group that kept the football team inspired, even though they are down by fifteen points with five minutes left in the game? The band is that group. The band works for over twenty hours a week to do what many people take for granted, music. Yet the band departments receive the least amount of support in many high schools. Throughout a student’s career, they areRead MoreKeep Music Education in Schools Essay1696 Words   |  7 PagesDue to the declining economy, school boards around the country have decided to cut funding to the music education programs. It is necessary to keep music education in the American scho ol system because it enhances the development of skills that children will use for the rest of their lives. Musical development can start as early as before birth. Hearing is the first sense that a baby acquires and it is acquired in utero (McCutcheon 1). The first sounds that a baby hears are the mother’s voice andRead MoreMy Story Of The School Year Of 2010-20111247 Words   |  5 Pagesin the school year of 2010-2011. I was a fifth grader, eleven years of age, at Santa Fe 5/6 Center. As per requirements we had to take a music class, and I knew that I could not sing, so an instrument it was. Most of that year I spent experimenting with wind and string instruments to find out if I belonged in band or orchestra. I was never really interested in any of the wind instrument so I atleast knew I was going to be in orchestra. The year ended with me being skeptical to if I should play anRead MoreI Am An Amazing Multitasker1597 Words   |  7 Pagesinexpressible is music.†, but what if all you can hear is silence? There are six billion people on this planet, and seventy million of them can’t hear a single note. Just because you can’t hear anything doesn’t mean you can’t share in the universal language that is music. People who have impaired hearing are just as capable as learning music as your average hearing person. â€Å"Hong Kong university of China discovered that not only does the regimen of learning to read and play music increase the rateRead MoreA Study On The And Performance And Rehearsal Etiquette1539 Words   |  7 PagesPERFORMANCE REHEARSAL ETIQUETTE ....................................................................8 PRACTICE ....................................................................................................................................9 MUSIC WING ..............................................................................................................................9 CLASSROOM RULES ..................................................................................................

Sorry Not Sorry, It Is My Fault - 1144 Words

Sorry†¦not sorry. Any â€Å"good† apology has three parts: Im sorry, it is my fault, what can I do to fix it. Most apologies are missing parts two and three. Most people have a hard time owning up to their own mistakes so they give a â€Å"no fault† apology. It’s an apology without an actual apology. In other words, â€Å"It’s the best way to say I’m sorry, without really meaning it† (Reilly 433). Public figures, such as an athlete, or celebrity use this apology mostly to do â€Å"major damage control for bad behavior (Reilly 433). These behaviors can include drug abuse, stereotyping, being racist, criminal charges, and verbal threats. For example, Jonah Hill, an actor, made on apology on the Howard Stern Show Tuesday after he was caught on camera using a homophobic slur. His apology is as follows: This is a heartbreaking situation for me†¦in that moment I said a disgusting word that does not at all reflect how I feel about any g roup of people† (Tooney 1) Jonah Hill said this after revealing that he was repeatedly taunted by reporters before he lost his cool. I grew up with gay family members. I m leaving here to go spend the day with one of my closest co-workers and best friend who is gay, who s getting married, who I m going to stand at his wedding. You know?†(Tooney 1) With this type of apology, this is a offense about â€Å"insulting a entire (sexual orientation)† (Reilly 434); and he used the â€Å"turn the page, move forward method† (Reilly 434). He quickly included an example of how heShow MoreRelatedHow to Say I Am Sorry in English and Vietnamese1487 Words   |  6 PagesCULTURAL COMPARISON OF SAYING â€Å"I’M SORRY† BETWEEN AMERICAN AND VIETNAMESE OUTLINE Sorry is one of the most popular phrases in American English. Americans say â€Å"sorry† as an everyday idiom while Vietnamese rarely say â€Å"xin lá »â€"i†. In American culture, the phrase â€Å"I’m sorry† doesn’t only refer to an apology but also express a lot of other meanings such as: sympathy, politeness and so on. Because of the limitation of time, we just refer to the habit of saying â€Å"sorry† of American and Vietnamese asRead MoreDeal with Conflict Situation Assignment Essay1397 Words   |  6 Pagescalling from the airport tell that no one come pickup him. SOLUTION: Firstly, I will listen carefully to the customer about their situation. Beside, I ask his name to ensure whether that is a customer of my hotel or not. If it is correct, I will acknowledge that it is our fault. Secondly, I will ask how long he has been there. If he said he has been waited for a long time, I will tell him to take a rest at a coffee shop in the airport when the driver coming. Then, I say that I will contactRead MoreA Guide On Rejecting Unwanted Attention919 Words   |  4 PagesAttention This is based on an actual conversation I just had last week. Interestingly, these conversations are not uncommon at all. I’ve had similar conversations at orientation week with other girls when I barely knew them, but also constantly with my best friends. The most common trend is that girls are simply being â€Å"nice† but it gets mistaken as â€Å"interest,† then the girls worry about how to reject his advances while still wanting to be â€Å"nice† about it. When the rejection is finally clear enoughRead MoreLast Night - Original Writing756 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Oh, did we? 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He held on to that scalding anger a moment more, before sinking to the ground in an ooze of self pity. You dont care what this means for me at all. In fact, my suffering just makes this better for you, doesnt it? He poutedRead MoreDescriptive Essay About A Beautiful Girl1160 Words   |  5 Pagest asked her to be my girlfriend again but I plan to soon. I pulled over to get gas in the middle of nowhere, there was a little diner and gas station, we both got out and went into the gas station; Casey walked to the diner and grabbed some food for us as I paid for the gas. She came back sipping on a milkshake This is pretty good. She handed me the cup Try it. I took a sip Wow! That is really good. She put her finger in the whipped cream and quickly wiped it on my top lip. She leanedRead MoreArthur Birling and Sheila Birling in An Inspector Calls by J.B. Priestley740 Words   |  3 PagesSheila Birling in An Inspector Calls by J.B. 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The Downside Risk of Illustration Essay Thesis That No One Is Talking About

The Downside Risk of Illustration Essay Thesis That No One Is Talking About The Illustration Essay Thesis Cover Up Etc then there's summary conclusion at which you will give a brief review of the whole essay. It's probable that, whatever your educational objectives, you will gradually compose a book report. A book review provides the opinions of the author and includes his personal views. It is not the same as a book report, and the distinction will be made between the two. The One Thing to Do for Illustration Essay Thesis Writing a thesis is easily the most challenging undertaking for the majority of students. Methodology is the part that also can bring about trouble even in the event that you think that you are aware of how to do it. Key Pieces of Illustration Essay Thesis Then you'll need to revise your thesis statement while you're writing the paper. No wonder it's as vital as writing the essay itself. If it comes to writing essays in college, all of us need somewhere to begin. Furthermore, the biographical essay may present exceptional challenges to them. The Appeal of Illustration Essay Thesis All you have to do is consult with an expert customized essay writing service like ours that is guaranteed to submit all of your assigned work in time. You're able to use our papers as the ideal guides whenever you're attempting to accomplish similar works. Getting help is cheap despite what you might have heard about expert writing services. On the flip side, there isn't anything wrong with getting assistance from a very good consultant on the right outline format. In the quick prelude, give couple of examples which ought to be described in the subsequent paragraphs. It is critical to commit to paper the principal points that you are likely to discuss in introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. An outline is a short description or a most important point of something. Interestingly, in addition, there are cases where you are requested to take care of biography about yourself essay. Look carefully at the types of evidence the author has used to show the argument. At times, a thesis statement is widely shared, while others might be more controversial. It is usually only one sentence and is made up of the topic, focus, and three main points of the essay. It is not easy to begin your essay whenever you do not understand what it is you are handling. An essay template is a guide which ensures your approach is correct and that you don't deviate from the home purpose. Do not divert from the chief theme which you're handling. Both examples are excessively broad. Thesis writing could possibly be quite stressful. An essay template makes it possible to define the aim of your essay and stick with it. Thesis is a critical portion of every essay. An excellent thesis is argumentative and encourages the readers to take part in debate concerning the subject of the essay. The Illustration Essay Thesis Stories Below you can discover a sample essay outline structure to have a better idea about how to organize your own outline. You also need to go through the essay template to learn more on the subject of essay structure ones your outline is completed. An outline is helpful for many factors. Your outline needs to be easy and informative. Top Choices of Illustration Essay Thesis You are able to check our top-notch biographical essay example to have a glimpse of the way to organize your work. The quotes demonstrate the point you're making at that moment.

Teenage Relationships and Study Habits of High School Students free essay sample

Review of Related Literature Conceptual Literature Teenagers Adolescence is a transitional stage of physical and mental human development that occurs between childhood and adulthood. This transition involves biological (i. e. pubertal), social, and psychological changes, though the biological or physiological ones are the easiest to measure objectively. Historically, puberty has been heavily associated with teenagers and the onset of adolescent development. In recent years, however, the start of puberty has seen an increase in preadolescence and extension beyond the teenage years, making adolescence less simple to discern. A teenager is a person between the ages of 13 and 19. For girls, puberty typically occurs between ages 12 and 13, while for boys it occurs between ages 14 and 15. It is one of the fastest growth periods of a persons life. During this time, physical changes affect the bodys nutritional needs, while changes in ones lifestyle may affect eating habits and food choices. Relationships Relationships cover a wide range of people including work colleagues, tutors, friends, family, sexual relationships, living together and marriage. We will write a custom essay sample on Teenage Relationships and Study Habits of High School Students or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They apply equally to heterosexual, gay, lesbian or bi-sexual people. Good relationships can be very supportive and enhance our lives. However most relationships go through difficult patches and need the willingness to compromise. Relationship difficulties can produce or stir up feelings that may be from the past – hurt, anger, hopelessness, worthlessness, etc. This can be quite frightening and may make you irritable or withdrawn. Teenage Relationships Teenage relationships are common in todays world. Adolescence is the most important stage for youngsters to make their future colorful and to become responsible citizens in society. It is also an age where most teens are attracted to various relationships. Most people consider the word relationship as love or sexual relationship. But a relationship simply means any connection between two or more elements, such as human beings. During the teenage years, the youth does not have a firm understanding of the role of dating. To teenagers, dating only consists of someone the feel attached to, spend time with, and/or a personified experiment. The teens may have curiosity in the emotions and tasks involved in a relationship. The lack of understanding of what a true relationship consists of is why the teenagers these days are so distorted. Datings purpose is to first step into marriage that is its sole purpose. Teenagers do not, and should not be thinking about marriage. This is why the teens develop a pointless definition of a relationship, because too few times do these meaningless relationship lead to anything other than sexual curiosity. Study Habits Study habits are the ways that you study the habits that you have formed during your school years. Study habits can be good ones, or bad ones. Good study habits include being organized, keeping good notes, reading your textbook, listening in class, and working every day. Bad study habits include skipping class, not doing your work, watching TV or playing video games instead of studying, and losing your work. It means you are not distracted by anything. You have a certain place to go where it is quiet everyday where you study and do homework. Basically it means that you are doing the best you can to get the grades you want. The manner with which you consistently use to study for school or college or even for next day lesson plans if youre a teacher.

The Emotional, Psychological and Spiritual Impact of a Family with a Terminal Ill Child

Crisis of Discovering that your Child has a Terminal Illness The Expectations from parents Many parents and their offspring interact in such a way that gradually parent’s dreams and expectations are modified by recognition of their child’s actual capabilities. As the fantasy of the dream child is replaced with day to day living, parents will always hopefully accept the child for what he or she is and wants to be.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Emotional, Psychological and Spiritual Impact of a Family with a Terminal Ill Child specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Many a times when a child’s health is impaired, parents can be confronted harshly and abruptly with a reality that allows little or no hope for fulfillment of their dreams. The highly fantasized child is lost and a process of grieving starts. Most parents do feel genuine sorrow for the child whose health is impaired, but, pa rallel to that, parents grieve for themselves in their state of loss. Parents are usually much aware that something somewhere is not normal with their child, but after many doctor appointments and many specialists, still come up with no definite diagnosis. However, it may take years to finally get an accurate diagnosis for a child with Batten Disease. Parents, by this time, start fearing for the worst case scenario. A multitude of different events and questions have entered their minds and they just want answers (Kalter, Lohnes Saldinger, 1999). What should a child be told or not be told? As has often been the case, the child is however neglected when faced with a life-threatening illness. Much of the time and energy of the health care deliverer is mostly spent in helping the parents on coping with the psychological upheaval of tending to a terminally ill child. Although it is necessary to understand the problems of the parents, it is very cruel to overlook the needs of the child. Most Parents will very much struggle with the question of whether or not to tell their child he or she is dying. Talking with your child about the possibility of his or her own death can be heartbreaking and the sense of helplessness it brings can be overwhelming to the parents. They will often believe their children are much too young to comprehend what dying really means, or even worry that a child will react with fear and confusion, and that their own sadness will overwhelm the child. Therefore, given these concerns and issues, it is understandable that you may find yourself avoiding the opportunity to talk openly with a child who is facing death (The compassionate friends, 2010.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Denial is never the correct way of approaching this. Avoidance is not the way neither. Dropping the bomb is also not the way to go about it, but honesty is the way . Life is not always that fair, but BDSRA and your Doctors are here for you. Maintaining that hope You could always set realistic goals regarding what may be expected from and what can be done without giving up on your child. It can however be extremely difficult for families to shift their focus from curing their child’s disease to comforting them in their illness (Hausmann, Versenyi Westaby, 2005). Yet honestly accepting that your child may die is not considered â€Å"giving up†. Many parents who have acknowledged hospice care for their children say it gave them the positive support they desperately need to help focus on quality time, comfort, and peace for their child. Parents sometimes worry much about how to respond when the dying child talks about his or her dreams for the future. It is always okay for one and their child to talk in a positive way about the future, even while one is also having honest conversations about the seriousness of their child’s c ondition. Even during a terminal illness, it is always possible and very important for parents to acknowledge and affirm their children’s hopes. The conversations that you have with your child about the illness should always be part of an ongoing process of communication. Parents and children together can share and review information and gently reach out on an understanding of the seriousness of the child’s illness. Some of very courageous parents feel comfortable having these conversations on their own with their child. Others however enlist the participation of members of the child’s health care team, local clergy, or other family members (Cicirelli, 1997). Initial conversations with one’s child may however not always include an actual discussion about their actual death. They could also, for example, focus instead on nature and the cycle of life. However, these early discussions may be or will be an invaluable stepping stone for more in-depth conversat ions later on.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Emotional, Psychological and Spiritual Impact of a Family with a Terminal Ill Child specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One’s child may never actually directly ask him/her questions pertaining to illness and death directly. However, it is most likely that one’s child could be wondering about at least some of these issues. One may however need to initiate conversations with your child about these concerns so that you can provide much needed reassurance for him or her. Here are some suggestions to help you start these conversations. Review with one’s child what has happened in the recent days and weeks. Use gentle questions to find out what the child understands; correct any misunderstandings that the child may have as you talk. The parent should share some new information with the child. Sometimes later, the conversations can relate mor e directly to the child’s condition. For example, what do you think what might happen if somehow you did not get better. Many people also wonder about that when they get very sick. Some people even wonder if they are going to die. We know that everyone will die someday, but what we will never know for sure is when a person will die. Planning ahead Where do we want to take care for our child? Where would you prefer your child to be as their illness progressed? Where would your child most likely want to be as their illness continues and at the time of death? Would it be in a hospital, at home, or some other setting? Whilst most children and most parents are much more comfortable having their child at home, this is however not the case for everyone. Most parents would find that many of the decisions which need to be made also need to be refined several times. Therefore, in some circumstances, end of life care at home would not be the best option. But however, one of the most imp ortant things when having your child at home during this difficult time is that in most community’s hospice care is available (Herbst-Damm Kulik, 2005). The Dying Child Spirituality Issues Spirituality in this case is not confined to a belief system or practice of worship. Spiritual issues are life issues like finding meaning in suffering, forgiveness, grace, hope, and love.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When your child enters the dying stages, he or she may feel very alone spiritually. Even though he or she may have led a very active spiritual life, he or she may feel abandoned and forsaken. Whatever his or her religious or spiritual background, facing his or her own death means confronting some of the primary questions of existence such as where do we come from? Where are we going to? And what is our purpose in being? As your child is facing death, you will however confront your mortality, too. This process could be a very big challenge to your own long-held religious beliefs. But it could also be an opportunity to expand your spiritual nature and to help your child reach peace of mind and soul. However, facing your own mortality is another profound way to prepare yourself to be fully present for your child. When in that full emotional presence, you can create a dying time that is a time of healing and growth for all concerned (Ditto Hawkins, 2005). Taking Care of the Dying Child Terminal care is however becoming an increasingly accepted practice in the medical community. As a part of the terminal care program, the child’s house is often chosen as the place for continued care, as well as the site for death of the child. This practice has been increasingly instituted with older dying children or even adults and the terminally ill children. It had been a generally commonly accepted belief that better care and greater control of pain and other symptoms associated with the illness were available in the hospital. This belief, however, often felt by both the health care professionals and the family, failed to take into account the most important person, who happens to be the child. Children’s feelings are often overlooked, and adults who â€Å"know best† make decisions about their well being for them. What happens after your child’s Death? After the child’s death, most parents and families would want to spend some time alone wit h their child. But t this is often easier if you can take time to let the nurses unhook the equipment that the child was using (Joiner, Landreth, Solt Tew, 2002). As the parent, you should also feel free to spend time with your child either by yourself, with your partner, or with members of your family if you so desire, so that you could get time to say goodbye and pray. Your child’s body will however be transferred to a funeral home where funeral arrangements will be taking place. Coping With the Grief How do we define grief? Grief is defined as an emotional reaction, which encompasses many feelings, such as disbelief, loneliness, fear, anger, guilt, regret, sadness, and despair. Most people who have ever experienced a death in the family suffer the emotions of grief, but bereaved parents probably experience grief the most severely. The death of one’s own child may be the most devastating and intense loss a person would ever experience. The absolute finality of death creates a kind of loss that is unlike any other feeling. This loss could be the most profound experience of life and also the most painful feeling that you could ever experience. Grief, as the expression of that pain, is however a part of a healing process enabling us to survive loss and to continue to function in the world. Grief is mostly an essentially a private experience. How each of us responds to the death of someone we loved is very uniquely our own personal response. However, the way in which we decide to express that private feeling is influenced by what is acceptable in the larger society. Mourning ceremonies (funerals and memorial services) are therefore models for the culturally accepted form of grieving, setting the tone and defining the manner of our expression. When the funeral or memorial service is over, grief is often just the beginning. The disorienting feelings that arise in bereavement can become quite intense and last for a very long time. If unexpressed and unresolved, they could however lead to serious emotional difficulties resulting in self-destructive behavior or an impaired ability to function. Therefore, it is important to acknowledge bereavement, to experience and resolve grief, and eventually to find a way through the pain (Rosenfeld, 2000). Indicators showing Unresolved Grief Not functioning well is a major sign of acute grief. During this phase people experience major disruptions of their usual mental processes; major lapses in thought processes, extremes of denial, even hallucinations are more often the rule than the exception. Given the extreme stress of losing a loving child, acute grief may last for very many months. Timing, then, is also a critical part of assessing whether you or someone you love is experiencing unresolved grief. You should however be very sure that acute grief, with its hellish unpredictability’s of feeling, has begun to subside, that what you are looking at are recurrent, pervasive states. Your Personal style will determine how you look at symptoms. What is extreme and characteristic behavior for one can be well within the limits of normalcy for another person. Social and cultural context and how people of your ethnic and religious background generally react, also shapes our determinations of normal and appropriate behavior. With these signs in mind, we can look at behaviors that may be indicative of unresolved grief, wooden and formal behavior that masks intense feelings of anger, Development of physical symptoms that your child experienced in illness and furious hostility towards specific persons connected with your child’s death. Chronic guilty conscience and lowered self-esteem. A feeling that the loss took place yesterday, even though it occurred months or years ago and Loss of patterns of social interaction, interruption of friendships and formerly valued social activities. Searching that continues over time, with a great time of apparently purposeless behavi or, restlessness, moving around, Panic attacks, physical expressions of fear such as shortness of breath and choking sensations and also avoidance of customary mourning rituals (funerals, visits to the grave, etc). Many of these symptoms occur during the phase of acute grief. If one or more of these persist for more than six months past acute grief, with no signs of change or improvement, then you may be looking at unresolved grief. The â€Å"signs of change or improvement† is a very important part of your assessment. People however heal in their own ways, on their own timetables. The rate of change is not so important since you can be moving very slowly, but as long as you see indicators that you are moving, then you can trust your own process. When you see no movement when, your life has stopped then you have cause for concern (Amato et al, 2002). Emotional Support Men in society are thought of as the Rock of Gibraltar, to keep a stiff upper lip, and to take it like a man. It is very easy to fall into that trap; to be detached by burying one’s self in research, online bulletin boards, and bill payments. Some may even joke around that they are the family’s chauffeur and porter. The reality is that a father provides the important emotional support not only to his kids but also to his wife. It is never easy Feldman, 2008). Men are supposed to be able to fix things, make them all better and all. We even get frustrated and angry because we cannot make this condition better. Batten Disease is never something that is just going to get cured and then everything will be okay. You, and your family, will sometimes have good days and bad days. Maybe a lot of them in a row, but if you are wallowing in your own pity and remorse, you cannot never provide support to your family. How can we get over this hump? How can we get over our own emotional crisis so we can support our family? The answer is not always a good one. Men will struggle with this issue all the time. But the best coping strategy is to keep focused on what is important, the health and happiness of the family, not on what you think could have or should have been. You would like to think you are in progress but life continues to change and you must too. In the end, your effectiveness as a father will come to be for the others to judge. References Amato, R. et al (2002). 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Joiner, K. D., Landreth, G. L., Solt, M. D., Tew, K. (2002). Filial therapy with parents of chronically ill children. International Journal of Play Therapy, 11(1), 79-100. Kalter, A., Lohnes, N., K. Saldinger, A. (1999). Anticipating parental death in families with young children. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 69(1), 39-48. Rosenfeld, B. (2000). Assisted suicide, depression, and the right to die. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 6(2), 467-488. The compassionate friends, 2010. When our child has died from a terminal illness. The compassionate friends. Retrieved from https://www.tcf.org. uk/ This research paper on The Emotional, Psychological and Spiritual Impact of a Family with a Terminal Ill Child was written and submitted by user Trevor Frye to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.