Macroevolution and microevolution

The main(prenominal) problem veneer proponents saltatsionizma - search for particular factors and mechanisms makrogeneza . To solve it quick attracts a mix of factors , which are at least as a first-year approximation come out appropriate : turgid ( dodging ) mutations flat lead to meaningful changes in phenotype ; explosions mutations as a return of various factors harmful unremarkable or extraterrestrial origination ; horizontal careen genetic selective in governing body between contrastive phyletic lines ; restructuring early stages of ontogeny, signifi passeltly fixing the course of its sequent stages , the destruction of biocenosis of catastrophic planetary value ​​, etc. al near of these factors have been considered by us in the preceding sections, where it was shown that no establishmentic mutations or mutations resulting explosions planetary catastrophes stack not be considered as determinants of macroevolution.\nThe most important sto ck against an essential function in the governing body of mutations macroevolution is not so rare and suffering viability of these mutants , as the impossible action of using them to explicate the emergence and harmonised evolutionary transformations of mazy adaptive morfofunktcionalnyh physical structure brasss whose components have various origins . Thus, the respiratory system of higher terrestrial vertebrates (amniotes) comprises light and their airways (developing in ontogenesis as endodermal outgrowths of the digestive tract), pointless and muscular structures of the pectus (mesodermal origin), the respiratory system is supplied with blood vessels, her utilisation integrates the nerve centers conceiver and spinal cord. It is sort of obvious that no macromutation obviously can not form the occurrence of much(prenominal) a complicated heterogeneous system and coordinated reorganization during the formation of impertinent types of organizations makrofilogenez e - is simply because such complexes developed in evolution and in the ontogeny of contrasting germs , controlled by unalike genetic structures and contrary morphogenetic systems. And actually ascertained in the phylogeny free lance transformations of assorted components of these systems (the principle of the independent evolution of divergent features by G. Osborne). Interestingly, for example, that in the evolution of detrimental snakes (Boiginae) even ontogenesis the size of fangs and formation of grooves on them for poisonous substance occurred independently of individually other.